Casgliadau i gloi CERD 2024, paragraff 36
Argymhelliad Cymreig clir
Dylai’r Llywodraeth:
(a) Adolygu cyfreithiau a pholisïau a rhoi’r gorau i ddefnyddio arferion sy’n cael effaith arbennig ymhlith grwpiau ethnig. Mae hyn yn cynnwys y rhai sy’n ymwneud â throseddau menter ar y cyd a throseddau cyffuriau;
(b) Mynd i’r afael â’r gor-gynrychiolaeth o leiafrifoedd ethnig yn y system cyfiawnder troseddol, gan gynnwys drwy osgoi gor-blismona a rhyngweithio cyfiawnder troseddol yn ddiangen. Rhoi dewisiadau eraill ymlaen llaw yn lle arestio a charchar am fân droseddau;
(c) Osod cyfyngiadau llym ar y defnydd o offer fel tasers a chwistrell PAVA. Gwahardd eu defnydd yn erbyn plant;
(d) Gymryd camau, gan gynnwys drwy gyfreithiau, polisïau neu reoliadau newydd, i sicrhau bod datblygu a defnyddio systemau deallusrwydd artiffisial a gwyliadwriaeth fiometrig, gan gynnwys technoleg adnabod wynebau, yn cydymffurfio â safonau hawliau dynol rhyngwladol. Yn benodol o ran amddiffyn rhag gwahaniaethu neu broffilio ar sail hil, lliw, disgyniad, neu darddiad cenedlaethol neu ethnig;
(e) Wella’r broses o gasglu, monitro a dadansoddi data ar wahaniaethau ethnig yn y systemau cyfiawnder troseddol a’r system cyfiawnder ieuenctid. Mae hyn yn cynnwys ymchwil ansoddol i fynd i’r afael ag achosion gwahaniaethau;
(f) Cwblhau gweithrediad argymhellion adolygiad Lammy, yn enwedig y rhai sy’n ymwneud ag ymyriadau cyn pledion.
Original UN recommendation
In the light of its general recommendation No. 31 (2005) on the prevention of racial discrimination in the administration and functioning of the criminal justice system, the Committee recommends that the State party take concrete and effective measures to eliminate racial discrimination, including its institutional and systemic dimensions, at all stages of the criminal justice system, in England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales, and in particular that it:
(a) Revise laws and policies and refrain from practices resulting in disparate impacts among ethnic groups, including those related to joint enterprise and drug offences;
(b) Address the overrepresentation of persons belonging to ethnic minorities, including by avoiding overpolicing and unnecessary criminal justice interactions and by advancing alternatives to arrest and incarceration for minor offences;
(c) Impose strict restrictions on the use of tools such as “tasers” and pelargonic acid vanillylamide (PAVA) spray, and explicitly prohibit their use against children;
(d) Adopt the measures, including legislative, policy, regulatory, institutional and standard-setting measures, necessary to ensure that the design, development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence systems and biometric surveillance technologies, including facial recognition technology, comply with international human rights standards, in particular with regard to the protection of persons against discrimination or profiling, including on the grounds of race, colour, descent or national or ethnic origin, in line with the Committee’s general recommendation No. 36 (2021) on preventing and combating racial profiling by law enforcement officials;
(e) Improve data collection, monitoring and analysis relating to ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system and the juvenile justice system, including qualitative research to effectively address the causes of these disparities;
(f) Complete the implementation of the recommendations from the Lammy review, in particular the recommendation concerning interventions before pleas.
Date of UN examination
24/09/2024
Original UN document
Lawr lwytho casgliadau i gloi gwreiddiol 2024 y CERD ar wefan y CU.
Diweddarwyd ddiwethaf ar 14/04/2025